Born: September 8, 1849, ZeulenrodaDied: January 22, 1918, Leipzig (age 68)
glossary
adagio [It]—slow tempo, often implying a lyrical, poignant character
allegretto—moderately quick tempo. slower than allegro but faster than andante
allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
canzona [I, F, E], canzone [I], canzon [I], canzona alla francese [I], canzon da sonar [I], canciona [S], canzoni [pl]—from the Italian word for "song" with several musical meanings, including a type of instrumental music from the 16th and 17th centuries originally derived from the French polyphonic song or "chanson." For solo or instrumental ensemble, the multi-part canzona featured elements of fugue and variation and eventually gave over to the early Baroque sonata such that the terms and genres became interwined for a period. The early title canzone da sonar (canzoni da sonare (pl)) (a song to be played vs. sung), likely contributed to the later term sonata. explore | wiki
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
quartet, quatuor [F], quartett [G], quartetto [I], cuarteto [S]—ensemble or work for four players the most important examples being the string quartet and the piano quartet
serenade, serenada, serenata [I], sérénade [F]—A suite of movements like a divertimento with similar connotations of lightheartedness, pleasure and relative calm with an emphasis on lyricism and often beginning with a march. Historically evokes the evening, outdoors, an honorific or amorous tribute, especially from a suitor to a lover in a window or balcony. The word serenade has its Latin origins the Latin word for "calm" or serene. wiki
spirito, con spirito, spiritoso, spirituoso—Spirited, lively
string quartet, Streichquartett [G], quatuor à cordes [F], quartetto d'archi [I], quartetto di cordi [I], cuarteto de cuerda [S], vonósnégyes [H]—ensemble or a work written for that ensemble comprising 2 violins, viola, and cello. This is one of the essential genres/forms/ensembles of chamber music and arguably a critical "core" of "classical" music. Explore the string quartet | wiki