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IMSLP (score)
Cornelius Gurlitt (1820-1901)
Nationality:
German
Born: February 10, 1820, Altona, Schleswig-Holstein Died: June 17, 1901, Altona (age 81)
Violin Sonata in d minor, Op. 88, No. 2
(for violin and piano)
| I. | Allegro con brio | ||
| II. | Andante con moto | ||
| III. | Scherzo. Vivace | ||
| IV. | Finale. Allegro molto, tempo di Tarantella |
Published:
1878, Hamburg: August Cranz (age 57-58)
Dedication: Herrn Capellmeister A.F. Riccius (August Ferdinand Riccius)
glossary
- allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
- andante [I]—moderately slow tempo (e.g. walking). Faster than adagio but slower than allegretto
- brio [I], con brio, brioso—vigor, vigorously, with fire
- chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
- con [I,S]—with
- duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
- moto, con moto, di moto—motion, with motion. Somewhat more lively than its context would suggest, e.g. "andante con moto", a little more lively than andante
- opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
- sonata [I], sonate [pl], suonato—Originally, "sounded" rather than "sung" (sonar vs. cantar), i.e. instrumental music. According to historical period, sonata began to imply a formal plan of movements as well as the structure within a single movement, e.g. "sonata form" and applies to instrumental sonatas, string quartets, symphonies, etc., all examples of the sonata principle. In general usage as a specific work title (e.g. violin sonata), it designates a multi-movement piece for solo or duo instruments with one of the instruments enjoying a feature role. wiki
- tarantella [I], tarantelle [F]—Southern Italian dance in a rapid 6/8 meter named for the town of Taranto and/or the tarantula spider whose bite would provoke the frenzied dance as a response or cure
- tempo, tempi [pl]—speed or pace at which music progresses. Traditional classic music typically uses standard Italian words to designate the tempo, e.g. Allegro or adagio. Metronome markings provide precise numerical speeds. Tempo selection during performance is a complex artistic choice informed by composer's markings, performance tradition, technical limitations and interpretation.
- violin sonata, sonata per violino [I], sonate pour violon [F], Violinsonate [G]—a multi-movement work for violin and keyboard (or continuo) though there are sonatas for solo violin as well as sonatas in a single movement. While the violin would seem to be the featured instrument, many sonatas starting with the classical period find the piano to be an equal partner in the sense of a chamber work for two players. Explore the violin sonata. | wiki
- vivace—brisk, lively tempo faster than allegro