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IMSLP (score)
Giovanni Bononcini (1670-1747)
Nationality:
Italian
Born: July 18, 1670, Modena Died: July 9, 1747, Vienna (age 77)
Sonata in d minor, XII Sonatas for the Chamber, No. 11
(for 2 violins and continuo)
| I. | Tempo giusto | ||
| II. | Spiritoso | ||
| III. | Lento | ||
| IV. | Allegro |
Published:
1732 (age 61-62)
glossary
- allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
- chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
- continuo, basso continuo, b.c., figured bass, thorough bass, basse chifrée—During the Baroque Era, a term for an improvised (realized) instrumental accompaniment specified by a symbolic notation for chords and a written bass line (i.e. figured bass). A continuo "part" usually implies multiple (but typically unspecified) instruments, e.g. one for a strong bass line (e.g. cello) and another for chords (e.g. lute, keyboard, organ). A continuo part may be realized by keyboard alone, and sometimes played by a bass melody instrument alone (without harmonies). wiki
- giusto—just, right, strict, exact, true
- lento, lent [F], lentement [F], avec lenteur [F]—slow (tempo)
- sonata [I], sonate [pl], suonato—Originally, "sounded" rather than "sung" (sonar vs. cantar), i.e. instrumental music. According to historical period, sonata began to imply a formal plan of movements as well as the structure within a single movement, e.g. "sonata form" and applies to instrumental sonatas, string quartets, symphonies, etc., all examples of the sonata principle. In general usage as a specific work title (e.g. violin sonata), it designates a multi-movement piece for solo or duo instruments with one of the instruments enjoying a feature role. wiki
- spirito, con spirito, spiritoso, spirituoso—Spirited, lively
- tempo, tempi [pl]—speed or pace at which music progresses. Traditional classic music typically uses standard Italian words to designate the tempo, e.g. Allegro or adagio. Metronome markings provide precise numerical speeds. Tempo selection during performance is a complex artistic choice informed by composer's markings, performance tradition, technical limitations and interpretation.
- trio (1)—an ensemble or work for 3 players
- trio sonata, sonate en trio, sonata a tre—A chief form/genre of chamber music in the Baroque era. The "trio" indicates three components or parts: two soloists and a bass with continuo. Typically comprises multiple movements in a variety of layouts. Explore the trio sonata. | wiki