Born: June 23, 1824, AltonaDied: March 10, 1910, Leipzig (age 85)
glossary
allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
andante [I]—moderately slow tempo (e.g. walking). Faster than adagio but slower than allegretto
canzona [I, F], canzone [I], canzon [I], canzoni [pl]—song; a type of instrumental music from the 16th and 17th centuries originally derived from polyphony song or "chanson." For solo or instrumental ensemble, the multi-part canzona featured elements of fugue and variation and eventually gave over to the early Baroque sonata.
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
con [I,S]—with
energico, con energia, énergique [F], avec énergie [F], energisch [G]—with energy, force, vigor and power
feierlich [G]—slow, grave, solemn (related to Holy Days), rejoicing (related to Holidays), festive, formal, formally, solemnly, ceremonial, ritualistic, ceremoniously, ritually, ritualistically, celebratory, ritual, ceremonious, in state
lento, lent [F], lentement [F], avec lenteur [F]—slow (tempo)
opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
poco, un poco, poco a poco—a little bit, e.g. "andante un poco moto" is andante with a little more motion than typical. "poco a poco" means a little bit at a time, gradually.
ruhig [G], mit Ruhe, ruhevoll—quiet, calm, restful
sehr [G]—very, much
sostenuto [I], soutenu [F]—sustained, perhaps a bit slow
spirito, con spirito, spiritoso, spirituoso—Spirited, lively
string sextet—ensemble / composition typically for 2 violins, 2 violas and 2 cellos