Born: July 17, 1839, WormsDied: September 10, 1916, Berlin (age 77)
glossary
adagio [It]—slow tempo, often implying a lyrical, poignant character
alla [I], all', à la [F]—to the, in the manner of
allegretto—moderately quick tempo. slower than allegro but faster than andante
allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
ben, bene—well, quite. e.g. "ben marcato" means "quite" accented
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
con [I,S]—with
e [It]—and
grazioso [I], con grazia, gratioso, graziös [G], Mit Grazie—graceful, gracefully; easy
leggiero, leggero, con leggerezza, léger [F], légèrement, avec légèreté—lightly, nimbly, quick, graceful
opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
piano trio, Klaviertrio [G], Trio avec piano [F]—an ensemble comprising violin, cello and piano.Second only to the string quartet as an essential genre, form and ensemble of chamber music
presto—very fast, more so than allegro.
scherzo—lively, brisk, typically in a triple meter; usually a three-part form with central, contrasting trio
scozzese [I]—Scottish; in a Scottish manner
spirito, con spirito, spiritoso, spirituoso—Spirited, lively
staccato [I]—detached, disconnected, light (the opposite of legato)