Jean Sibelius (1865-1957)

Nationality: Finnish

Born: December 8, 1865, Hämeenlinna Died: September 20, 1957, Järvenpää (age 91)

wikipedia | imslp

Cinq danses champêtres, Op. 106

(for violin and piano)

		I.	Largamente assai - Vivace
		II.	Alla polacca
		III.	Tempo moderato - Risoluto
		IV.	Tempo di Menuetto
		V.	Poco moderato - Allegretto

Composed: 1924 (age 58-59)

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glossary

alla [I], all', à la [F]—to the, in the manner of
allegretto—moderately quick tempo. slower than allegro but faster than andante
assai—very much. Intensifies the direction of its neighboring words, e.g. "allegro assai", very fast
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
dance, danse [F], danza [I,sp], Tanz [G], Ballo [I]—dance; dancing
duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
largamente [I], con larghezza [I], large [F], largement [F]—broad, full, slow
minuet, menuet [F], Menuett [G], menuetto [I], minuetto [I]—A graceful, courtly French dance of the Baroque and Classical period with a triple meter and a moderate tempo.It was introduced at the court of Louis XIV. In classical forms such as the symphony or chamber music, the minuet evolved into the more vigorous scherzo.
moderato [I], moderamente, modéré [F], modérément [F]—moderately, at a moderate tempo, applying a touch of restraint to its related word(s), e.g. allegro moderato
opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
poco, un poco, poco a poco—a little bit, e.g. "andante un poco moto" is andante with a little more motion than typical. "poco a poco" means a little bit at a time, gradually.
Polonaise [F], Polonese [I], Polacca [I], Polaca, alla polacca, Polones—a dance of Polish origin in a moderate triple meter (3/4) typically with a characteristic rhythm (subdivisions of the beat with a flourish in the 2nd half of the 1st beat) and an energetic momentum.
risoluto [I], resoluto—resolute, decisively, boldly, with vigor
tempo, tempi [pl]—speed or pace at which music progresses. Traditional classic music typically uses standard Italian words to designate the tempo, e.g. Allegro or adagio. Metronome markings provide precise numerical speeds. Tempo selection during performance is a complex artistic choice informed by composer's markings, performance tradition, technical limitations and interpretation.
vivace—brisk, lively tempo faster than allegro