Born: February 17, 1850, Frankfurt am MainDied: January 11, 1907, Frankfurt am Main (age 56)
glossary
allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
andante [I]—moderately slow tempo (e.g. walking). Faster than adagio but slower than allegretto
andantino—faster than andante, slower than allegretto. Sometimes andantino is interpreted as the opposite: slower than andante
canzona [I, F], canzone [I], canzon [I], canzoni [pl]—song; a type of instrumental music from the 16th and 17th centuries originally derived from polyphony song or "chanson." For solo or instrumental ensemble, the multi-part canzona featured elements of fugue and variation and eventually gave over to the early Baroque sonata.
cavatina [I], cavatine [F]—a simple, lyrical song, usually without repetitions or elaborations.
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
larghetto—slow, but a bit faster than largo
lento, lent [F], lentement [F], avec lenteur [F]—slow (tempo)
marcia [I], alla marcia, marche [F], Marsch [G], march [E], marciale, marziale—march, in the manner of a march, e.g. duple meter at a moderate but deliberate pace in a manner which may be proud, grand, like a parade or a show of military bravado.
morceau [F], morceaux [pl]—a short character piece, a tune, a song
opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
pastorale, pastoral—referring to the bucolic setting of shepherds, the countryside and an idealized relationship to nature
presto—very fast, more so than allegro.
quasi—almost, almost like, as if
scherzino [I], scherzetto—short scherzo
tarantella [I], tarantelle [F]—Southern Italian dance in a rapid 6/8 meter named for the town of Taranto and/or the tarantula spider whose bite would provoke the frenzied dance as a response or cure
troppo [I], non troppo, trop [F]—too, too much. non troppo means "not too much". e.g. "Allegro ma non troppo" means fast, but not too much