Ludvig Norman (1831-1885)

Nationality: Swedish

Born: August 28, 1831, Stockholm Died: March 28, 1885, Stockholm (age 53)

wikipedia | imslp

String Octet in C major, Op. 30

(for 4 violins, 2 violas and 2 cellos)

		I.	Andante sostenuto - Allegro
		II.	Andante (con sentimento)
		III.	Scherzo. Allegro vivace ma non troppo Presto
		IV.	Finale. Allegro con fuoco

Composed: 1867 (age 35-36)

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Robert Schumann (1810-1856)

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Nationality: German

Born: June 8, 1810, Zwickau, Saxony Died: July 29, 1856, Endenich, near Bonn (age 46)

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Born: January 9, 1860, Gävle Died: January 11, 1928, Örebro (age 68)

Elfrida Andrée (1841-1929)

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glossary

allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
andante [I]—moderately slow tempo (e.g. walking). Faster than adagio but slower than allegretto
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
con [I,S]—with
finale [I], final [F]—The final movement, sometimes explicitly titled thus
fuoco, con fuoco, avec feu [Fr], mit Feuer [G], feurig [G]—fire, fiery; passionately, burning energy and excitement; impetuously
ma—but, however
octet, octett [G], octuor [F]—an ensemble (work) of (for) 8 instruments
opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
presto—very fast, more so than allegro.
scherzo—lively, brisk, typically in a triple meter; usually a three-part form with central, contrasting trio
sentimento—With sentiment, feeling. May imply a nostalgic or sorrowful mood
sostenuto [I], soutenu [F]—sustained, perhaps a bit slow
troppo [I], non troppo, trop [F]—too, too much. non troppo means "not too much". e.g. "Allegro ma non troppo" means fast, but not too much
vivace—brisk, lively tempo faster than allegro