Paul Graener (1872-1944)

Nationality: German

Born: January 11, 1872 Died: November 13, 1944 (age 72)

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Cello Sonata, Op. 101

(for cello and piano)

		I.	Grave - In ruhiger Bewegung, gesangeich
		II.	Allegretto - Etwas gemächlich
		III.	Langsam, sehr ausdruckvoll
		IV.	Kräftig bewegt, doch nicht zu schnell

Published: 1935, Berlin: Ed. Bote & G. Bock (age 62-63)

glossary

allegretto—moderately quick tempo. slower than allegro but faster than andante
cello sonata, sonata per violoncello [I], sonate pour violoncelle [F], Cellosonate [G]—a multi-movement work for cello and keyboard (or continuo) though there are sonatas for solo violin as well as sonatas in a single movement. While the cello would seem to be the featured instrument, many sonatas starting with the classical period find the piano to be an equal partner in the sense of a chamber work for two players. Cello Sonatas rank with Violin Sonatas as among the most "serious", numerous and important compositions for the duo sonata. Explore the cello sonata.
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
etwas [G]—somewhat
gemächlich [G]—slowly, gently, leisurely, unhurried, convenient, comfortable
grave [I], gravement [F]—Solemn, serious, slow, ponderous
Kraft, mit Kraft, kräftig, kraftvoll—forcefully, vigorously
nicht—not
opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
schnell [G], schneller—fast; faster
sehr [G]—very, much
sonata [I], sonate [pl], suonato—Originally, "sounded" rather than "sung" (sonar vs. cantar), i.e. instrumental music. According to historical period, sonata began to imply a formal plan of movements as well as the structure within a single movement, e.g. "sonata form" and applies to instrumental sonatas, string quartets, symphonies, etc., all examples of the sonata principle. In general usage as a specific work title (e.g. violin sonata), it designates a multi-movement piece for solo or duo instruments with one of the instruments enjoying a feature role. wiki
zu [G]—too, to, in order to