Approaching a Canon
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Paul Hindemith

Paul Hindemith (1895-1963)

Nationality: German
Born: November 16, 1895, Hanau Died: December 28, 1963, Frankfurt (age 68)
wikipedia | imslp

Viola Sonata, Op. 11, No. 4

(for viola and piano)
3:03 I. Fantasie. Ruhig
4:14 II. Thema mit Variationen. Ruhig und einfach wie ein Volkslied
9:40 III. Finale (mit Variationen). Sehr lebhaft
Duration: 16 minutes (approximately)
Composed: 1919 (age 23-24)
Premiere: June 2, 1919. Frankfurt am Main Paul Hindemith (viola), Emma Lübbecke-Job (piano)
Published: 1922, Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne (age 26-27)
4 recordings, 8 videos
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2:53
Yuri Gandelsman, Ralph Votapek
I. Fantasie. Ruhig
3:55
Yuri Gandelsman, Ralph Votapek
II. Thema mit Variationen. Ruhig und einfach wie ein Volkslied
9:27
Yuri Gandelsman, Ralph Votapek
III. Finale (mit Variationen). Sehr lebhaft
3:13
Yuri Bashmet, Sviatoslav Richter
I. Fantasie. Ruhig
4:32
Yuri Bashmet, Sviatoslav Richter
II. Thema mit Variationen. Ruhig und einfach wie ein Volkslied
9:52
Yuri Bashmet, Sviatoslav Richter
III. Finale (mit Variationen). Sehr lebhaft
15:01
Primrose, Sanroma
18:05
Cortese, Vilaprinyó

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glossary

  • chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
  • duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
  • einfach [G]—simple, plain, facile, easy, natural
  • fantasia, fantasy, fantazy, fantazia, phantasy, phantasie, fancy, fantasie [G], fantaisie [F] —generally, a piece of music favoring a free flight of expression over strict adherence to formal rules; suggesting an improvisational character. However, there are at least two more specific historical meanings: 1) the fantasia/fantasie/fancy of English Renaissance viol consort music and 2) Cobbett's Phantasie, an early 20th century form of single-movement chamber music inspired by the Renaissance fancy with the goal of stimulating new English chamber or "consort" music.
  • finale [I], final [F]—The final movement, sometimes explicitly titled thus
  • lebhaft [G]—lively, animated
  • mit—with
  • opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
  • ruhig [G], mit Ruhe, ruhevoll—quiet, calm, restful
  • sehr [G]—very, much
  • sonata, sonate, suonato—a complicated term. Originally, "sounded" rather than "sung" (sonar vs. cantar), e.g. instrumental music. According to historical period, sonata began to imply a formal plan of movements as well as the structure within a single movement, e.g. sonata form. In general usage as a work title, it designates a multi-movement piece for solo or duo instruments with one of the instruments enjoying a feature role.
  • tema con variazioni, con variazioni, Tema e variazioni, theme and variations, Thema mit Variationen [G], Thème varié [F]—a common movement form featuring an initial theme followed by a series of variations on that theme, each of which adjusts any number of parameters to achieve variety, e.g. tempo, rhythm, key, instrumentation, etc.A challenge to the composers ingenuity and a delight for the listener
  • variation, variazione, variatio, variato, variata—a modified re-iteration of a previous theme, reprise, couplet, etc. The music is varied, embellished or creatively transformed for variety while maintaining a unity relationship with the original. See "Theme and Variations."
  • Volkslied [G]—folk song