allemande, allemanda, allemand, almain, almaine, alman—In the Renaissance/Baroque eras, a moderately slow, serious dance usually in duple meter and binary form. Often the first movement of suite. From the French word for "German." Later usage (e.g. Haydn, etc.) might suggest more generally "in a German style", e.g. a folk dance, perhaps even lively and in a triple meter like a Ländler.
arioso [I]—singing, melodic, in the manner of an aria
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
courante, corrente, corriente, courant, corant—a triple-meter Renaissance / Baroque dance with regional nuances (e.g. Italian, French). between 3/2 and 6/4 time to create a flowing, swaying feel. The courante developed into two distinct national styles. The Italian corrente is fast, light, and energetic, featuring rapid running passages, a brisk tempo, simple triple meter (such as 3/4 or 3/8), and a predominantly homophonic texture that highlights instrumental virtuosity. In contrast, the French courante is slower, more stately, and elegant, reflecting its origins as a court dance characterized by graceful gliding and springing steps. Musically, it is distinguished by contrapuntal writing and sophisticated rhythmic ambiguity, often shifting accents between 3/2 and 6/4 meter to create a fluid, swaying motion.
gigue, jig, giga, gigg, gigha—A lively dance (of English origin); often the finale of a Baroque suite. Compound meters exhibit both duple and triple meter rhythms.
piano trio, Klaviertrio [G], Trio avec piano [F]—ensemble comprising violin, cello, and piano or a composition for such an ensemble. Second only to the string quartet as an essential genre, form, and ensemble of chamber music, filling a large part of the classic and modern repertoire with contributions from nearly every important composer. Explore the piano trio | wiki
polka—Lively central-European dance with Bohemian / Czech origins. Typically in 2/4.
prelude, prélude, präludium [G], präludien [G, pl], praeludium, preludio—a movement preceding another almost by way of introduction: to let listeners and players acclimate, often to prepare for greater demands ahead
sarabande, saraband, sarabanda, zarabanda—A Spanish Renaissance / Baroque dance in triple meter. In France and Germany, it tended to be slow and stately.