Wilhelm Berger (1861-1911)

Nationality: German

Born: August 9, 1861, Boston Died: January 15, 1911, Jena (age 49)

wikipedia | imslp

Violin Sonata No. 3 in g minor, Op. 70

(for violin and piano)

		I.	Lebhaft und mit Leidenschaft
		II.	Sehr langsam
		III.	Sehr lebhaft und mit Humor
		IV.	Lebhaft

Published: 1898 (age 36-37)

Related Composers

Selim Palmgren (1878-1951)

Student

Nationality: Finnish

Born: February 16, 1878, Pori Died: December 13, 1951, Helsinki (age 73)

Friedrich Kiel (1821-1885)

Teacher

Nationality: German

Born: October 8, 1821, Bad Laasphe, Puderbach Died: September 14, 1885, Berlin (age 63)

glossary

chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
langsam [G]—slow
lebhaft [G]—lively, animated
Leidenschaft [G], mit Leidenschaft, leidenschaftlich—passion, with passion, passionately
mit—with
opus [L], opera[pl], Op., Opp, WoO, Op. posth—work, as in a work of art. For unique identification, publishers/composers often assign an "opus number", abbreviated as "Op." (e.g. Op. 1). A range of works by opus number, uses the plural "opp." (e.g. "Opp. 1-3"). A single opus number may refer to a collection of works (e.g. a set of quartets) giving rise to designations like "Op. 1, No. 4". For misc. works without opus numbers, "WoO" is often used (e.g."Without Opus"). Posthumously assigned numbers may use "Op. posth". Opus numbers may not precisely reflect chronology (publication vs. composition), can be erroneous, sparse or duplicative. Thus, the works of some historically important composers may use separate catalog numbers (e.g. Bach, Haydn, Schubert). See wiki
sehr [G]—very, much
sonata, sonate, suonato—a complicated term. Originally, "sounded" rather than "sung" (sonar vs. cantar), e.g. instrumental music. According to historical period, sonata began to imply a formal plan of movements as well as the structure within a single movement, e.g. sonata form. In general usage as a work title, it designates a multi-movement piece for solo or duo instruments with one of the instruments enjoying a feature role.
und [G]—and
violin sonata—a multi-movement work for violin and keyboard (or continuo) though there are sonatas for solo violin as well as sonatas in a single movement. While the violin would seem to be the featured instrument, many sonatas starting with the classical period find the piano to be an equal partner in the sense of a chamber work for two players.