Born: September 30, 1852, DublinDied: March 29, 1924, London (age 71)
glossary
adagio [It]—slow tempo, often implying a lyrical, poignant character
allegretto—moderately quick tempo. slower than allegro but faster than andante
allegro [I]—fast, lively tempo. From the Italian word for cheerful or gay.
cello sonata, sonata per violoncello [I], sonate pour violoncelle [F], Cellosonate [G]—a multi-movement work for cello and keyboard (or continuo) though there are sonatas for solo violin as well as sonatas in a single movement. While the cello would seem to be the featured instrument, many sonatas starting with the classical period find the piano to be an equal partner in the sense of a chamber work for two players. Cello Sonatas rank with Violin Sonatas as among the most "serious", numerous and important compositions for the duo sonata. Explore the cello sonata.
chamber music, Kammermusik [G], musique de chambre [F], musica da camera [I], musica cameralis [L]—"Classical Music" for a small ensemble, generally 8 or fewer players with a canonical emphasis on 3-6 players. explore
con [I,S]—with
duo, duet, dueto [S], duetto [I], duett [G]—a work for two instruments; the ensemble itself
e [It]—and
fuoco, con fuoco, avec feu [Fr], mit Feuer [G], feurig [G]—fire, fiery; passionately, burning energy and excitement; impetuously
lamento, lament, lamentoso, lamentabile—dirge; a song or hymn of mourning; in the manner of one
ma—but, however
moderato [I], moderamente, modéré [F], modérément [F]—moderately, at a moderate tempo, applying a touch of restraint to its related word(s), e.g. allegro moderato
presto—very fast, more so than allegro.
rondo—sectional movement form featuring a recurring refrain between contrasting episodes in a variety of plans, a typical one being ABACABA (A is the refrain; B and C are episodes). Often used for finales.
scherzo—lively, brisk, typically in a triple meter; usually a three-part form with central, contrasting trio
sonata [I], sonate [pl], suonato—Originally, "sounded" rather than "sung" (sonar vs. cantar), i.e. instrumental music. According to historical period, sonata began to imply a formal plan of movements as well as the structure within a single movement, e.g. "sonata form" and applies to instrumental sonatas, string quartets, symphonies, etc., all examples of the sonata principle. In general usage as a specific work title (e.g. violin sonata), it designates a multi-movement piece for solo or duo instruments with one of the instruments enjoying a feature role. wiki
troppo [I], non troppo, trop [F]—too, too much. non troppo means "not too much". e.g. "Allegro ma non troppo" means fast, but not too much